نتایج جستجو برای: epidemiologic methods
تعداد نتایج: 1889172 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Gender has been identified as a risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although some possible biomechanical risk factors underlying the gender differences in the risk for non-contact ACL injuries have been identified, they have not been quantitatively confirmed yet because of the descriptive nature of the traditional epidemiological methods. The purpose of this s...
p After the Second World War, the so-called pharmacological explosion took place, leading to major advances in the treatment of diseases that were once inevitably fatal or disabling. This pharmacological expansion contributed to the occurrence of catastrophic incidents, such as the phocomelia epidemic attributed to thalidomide. Since then, concerns about drug safety have contributed to the deve...
1. Introduction This presentation is a case-history of an attempt by a local health authority in the U.K. to deal with high levels of public anxiety about a cluster of childhood leukaemia in Northampton by a risk communication strategy. Usually, in similar circumstances of intense public demand and extensive adverse publicity, health authority's have responded by setting up, predictably inconcl...
Controversy surrounds the role of central venous catheters (CVCs) impregnated with antimicrobial agents in the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). We reviewed the current literature to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs for preventing CRBSI. Eleven randomized studies published in article form were identified that included a control group that recei...
STUDY OBJECTIVE The prevalence of asthma was assessed to investigate respiratory health effects of airborne emissions from a factory. A geographical information system allowed flexible definition of study areas in terms of their size, distance, and location in relation to the factory. The value of the approach for this type of investigation is focussed on. SETTING The factory is located in th...
We examined the relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder using data from the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiological Catchment (ECA) surveys (n = 11,686). After controlling for individual-level characteristics, we found that neighborhood disadvantage was associated with higher rates of major depression and substance abuse disorder, and that ...
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death among children aged <5 years in developing countries. This paper describes the clinical and epidemiological methods used to conduct the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, case/control study to estimate the population-based burden, microbiologic etiology, and adverse clinical consequences of ...
Epidemiology is widely perceived as a public health discipline within which methodology matters. Methods dominate educational curriculums and influential textbooks. 3 Epidemiological societies regularly feature methods sessions at their national and international meetings and, at least informally, the discipline recognises the methodologists who study the methods and the practitioners who use t...
BACKGROUND Increasing hospital-acquired infections have generated much attention over the last decade. There is evidence that hygienic cleaning has a role in the control of hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of one additional cleaner by using microbiological standards based on aerobic colony counts and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus including ...
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