Radiative energy losses are very important in regulating the cosmic ray electron and/or positron (CRE) spectrum during their propagation Milky Way. Particularly, Klein–Nishina (KN) effect of inverse Compton scattering (ICS) results less efficient high-energy electrons, which is expected to leave imprints on propagated spectrum. It has been proposed that hardening CRE spectra around 50 GeV obser...

As a rst approximation, a metal can be modelled as an electron gas. A non-interacting electron gas has a continuous spectrum of electron-hole pair excitations. At each wavevector ~ Q with j~ Qj less than the maximum Fermi surface spanning vector (2kF ) there is a continuous set of electron-hole pair states, with a maximum energy but no gap (the minimum energy is zero.) Once the Coulomb interact...

in this paper, we investigated the corrected plasmon dispersion relation for graphene in presence of a constant magnetic field which it includes a quantum term arising from the collective electron density wave interference effects. by using quantum hydrodynamic plasma model which incorporates the important quantum statistical pressure and electron diffraction force, the longitudinal plasmons ar...