In urethane/α-chloralose anesthetized rats, electrical stimulation of cervical vagal afferent fibers inhibited the increases in brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by cold exposure, by nanoinjection of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, and by nanoinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rostral ...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to image pain-associated activity in three levels of the neuraxis: the medullary dorsal horn, thalamus, and primary somatosensory cortex. In nine subjects, noxious thermal stimuli (46 degrees C) were applied to the facial skin at sites within the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, and V3) and also to the ipsilateral thumb. Anatomical ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To explore the innervation areas of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) afferent neurons onto vestibular efferent neurons in the brain stem of rats. STUDY DESIGN A morphology study in the central vestibular system. METHODS Two neuronal tracers were used. Lectin PHA-L Conjugates (PHA-L, Invitrogen L - 11270,) was injected into the MVN as an anterograde tracer, and 5% Fl...

In Experiment I, 18 weanling and 18 adult male rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsomedial or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, or the hippocampus, while 12 additional pups and adults served as nonoperated controls (n = 6/group). Subjects were observed for perseverative responding in acquisition of a stepup avoidance task, followed by reversal training and extinction. Thirty ...

Numerous studies have described structural and functional abnormalities of the thalamus in schizophrenia, but surprisingly few studies have examined neurochemical abnormalities that accompany these pathological changes. We previously identified abnormalities of multiple molecules associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission, including changes in NMDA receptor subunit transcripts and binding ...

A detailed description is given of the distribution of vasopressin-immunoreactive structures in the brain of intact adult male rats. By application of a modified immunocytochemical procedure, vasopressin-immunoreactive fibers were detected in many new areas. In adult male rats which were castrated 15 weeks before death, vasopressin-immunoreactive cell bodies had disappeared from the bed nucleus...

Several lines of evidence have implicated the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH) in the control of caloric homeostasis. For example, the activity of VMH neurons depends on energy availability. We tested the hypothesis that energy balance may involve the remodeling of the dendritic arbor of VMH neurons. We compared two groups of animals: one group had ad libitum access to food, and the othe...

BACKGROUND Individuals with cocaine and gambling addictions exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits that may underlie persistence of harmful behaviours. AIMS We investigated the neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility in cocaine users v. pathological gamblers, aiming to disambiguate common mechanisms v. cocaine effects. METHOD Eighteen cocaine users, 18 pathological gamblers and 18 cont...