INTRODUCTION Focal tumour-like demyelinating lesions are defined as solitary demyelinating lesions with a diameter greater than 2 cm. In imaging studies, these lesions may mimic a neoplasm or brain abscess; as a result, invasive diagnostic and therapeutic measures may be performed that will in some cases increase morbidity. Our aim was to analyse and characterise these lesions according to thei...

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well-established therapeutic procedure commonly used in many neurologic immune-mediated disorders. It is thought that the beneficial effects of TPE occur through elimination of pathognomonic autoantibodies, immune complexes, inflammatory mediators, complement components and cytokines, which play a crucial role in many kinds of neurologic autoimmune disease...

and genetic basis of various neuromuscular, demyelinating and neu-ronal disorders affecting muscle, nerves, or brain, and applying new therapeutic interventions via target-oriented control therapeutic clinical trials. He is the author or coauthor of more than 500 scientific papers or chapters in peer-reviewed journals. He has also edited 11 books and monographs and currently serves on the edito...

The laboratory examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) continues to play an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The major conditions currently include, as they have in the past, infectious diseases, neoplastic processes, multiple sclerosis, other demyelinating disorders, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Recent publicatio...

Stem cell transplantation approaches offer for the first time the opportunity to design therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis (MS) with curative intent. Here we discuss key observations and questions emerging from clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for MS and from studies of myelin/neural repair in experimental models of demyelinating disorders.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) comprises approximately 3%-5% of cases of MS in North America. Recent years have seen significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, including the introduction of proposed diagnostic criteria for pediatric demyelinating disorders, and a growing body of knowledge regarding treatment options. This article reviews current approaches t...

Trigeminal sensory neuropathy may result from a wide variety of factors , including tumors of the trigeminal ganglion or spinal trigeminal tract, demyelinating diseases, and connective tissue disorders. Despite a long list of possibilities, the cause often is difficult to establish , and thus many cases are described as idiopathic. We report an unusual case of trigeminal sensory neuropathy caus...