Using freshly precipitated manganese-diethyldithiocarbamate (Mn(DDTC)(2)) as a new reagent, a solid phase extraction method (SPE) has been developed for the extraction of Cd(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous fertilizer samples. A sample solution of 300 mL was taken and 0.10 g of freshly precipitated Mn(DDTC)(2) was added. After adding a phosphate buffer solution, the mixture was stirred at 10 min, filt...

Background: Eggshell (ES) is a rich source of minerals since it contains calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, strontium, and fluoride. This study sought to compare the efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) and ES for remineralization of enamel caries-like lesions by pH cycling. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, artificial enamel carious lesions were induced in 47 human teet...

The adsorption of gold onto activated charcoal is most dependent on the concentration and character of the 'spectator' cations present in the adsorption medium. In the presence of calcium ions, gold is adsorbed as the calcium aurocyanide complex. The degree to which the aurocyanide complexes are adsorbed follows the series Ca> Mt:> H> Li> Na> K, calcium aurocyanide being the most stable complex...

Chemicals and Materials All chemicals used in the experiments (KBr, Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4, ethanol, Rhodamine B) are analytical grade or better provided by Sinopharm Co., China. All aqueous solutions are prepared with deionized water (18.2 MΩ, Milli-Q, Millipore Corp., France). ITO glass slides were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner by isopropanol and deionized water for several times and dried by blo...

Preparation of the nanodiamonds (NDs) The raw, detonated NDs (NanoCarbon Institute, Japan) were acquired as colloidal particles and then dispersed in deionized water. The raw ND colloid was carboxylated in strong oxidizing conditions as previously reported. Briefly, the colloid was treated in acid mixture of 68% HNO3 : 98% H2SO4 ( 1:3 in volumn ) in ultrasonic bath for 24 h, followed by stirrin...

Forward osmosis with an ammonium bicarbonate draw solution was investigated as a low energy non-sewered sanitation solution, to recover nutrients and water from source separated urine. Stored urine collected Urine Diversion Dry Toilets in the eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa used feed solution. Water recoveries of up 45.9% fluxes 6.0 L m −2 h −1 were achieved using undiluted stored...

The aim of this study was to compare the measurement of deuterium oxide (D2O) directly in pig serum with that in sublimed whole blood. This was to assess whether excluding vacuum sublimation before analysis would cause any significant loss of accuracy in estimates of pig milk intake. Water and serum standards were made in deionized water and serum, respectively, and were assayed with samples un...