Language proficiency is predicted to modulate orthographic-semantic association in second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition, in accordance with the assumptions of the Developmental Bilingual Interactive-Activation model (BIA-d) (Grainger et al., 2010). The current study explored this modulation during pre-attentive L2 orthographic perception. ERPs were recorded from Chinese-English bilingual...

The decay in the proficiency of native language (L1), known as first attrition, is one least understood phenomena associated with acquisition a second (L2). Indeed, exact cause for deterioration L1 performance, be that either interference from L2 or less frequent use L1, still remains elusive. In this opinion paper, we focus on largely understudied aspect attrition—namely, erosion orthographic ...

persian-hebrew texts are written in hebrew orthography. their records go back to the period before the essential books about drugs’ nature, the first persian text in arabic orthography by abu mansour mowaffaq herawi which was inscribed by assadi tousi in 447 a.h. therefore, it seems very important to scrutinize such texts for the study of persian language. one of the most important samples of p...

This report describes the process of creating a pronunciation dictionary and phonological lexicon for Hungarian for the purpose of aiding in linguistic research on Hungarian phonology and phonotactics. The pronunciation dictionary was created by transforming orthographic forms to pronunciation representations by taking advantage of systematic deviations between Hungarian orthography and pronunc...

The visual complexity of orthographies varies across writing systems. Prior research has shown that complexity strongly influences the initial stage of reading development: the perceptual learning of grapheme forms. This study presents a computational simulation that examines the degree to which visual complexity leads to grapheme learning difficulty. We trained each of 131 identical neural net...

Hebrew and Arabic are Semitic languages with a similar morphological structure and orthographies that differ in visual complexity. Two experiments explored the interaction of the characteristics of orthography and hemispheric abilities on lateralized versions of a letter-matching task (Experiment 1) and a global-local task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, native Hebrew readers and native Arabic...

During the last 20 years, psycholinguistic research has identified many variables that influence reading and spelling processes. We describe a new computerized lexical database, LEXOP, which provides quantitative descriptors about the relations between orthography and phonology for French monosyllabic words. Three main classes of variables are considered: consistency of print-to-sound and sound...

The orthography in which a work of art is written plays an essential role in the aesthetic effect of the whole. The orthography chosen can directly affect such considerations as rhythm, puns, sub-text, atmosphere, emotion, the speed at which the reader assimilates the work of art and the order in which it is assimilated. This is particularly evident when translating into English from Japanese, ...