Essential to Peirce's distinction among three kinds of reasoning, deduction, induction and abduction, is the claim that each is correlated to a unique species of validity irreducible to that of the others. In particular, abductive validity cannot be analyzed in either deductive or inductive terms, a consequence of considerable importance for the logical and epistemological scrutiny of scientifi...

This chapter considers the two main approaches to deductive thinking: theories based on formal rules of inference postulate that deduction is a syntactic process akin to a logical proof; the mental model theory postulates that it is a semantic process akin to the search for counterexamples. Experimental evidence bears out the predictions of the model theory: the more models needed for a deducti...

Whatever the nature of reasoning skills, such skills are rare [4], [2]. Thus, it would be desirable to develop support for them and to cultivate and strengthen them through proper education in reasoning. The background for my discussion is the development of support for reasoning skills that our research team has been conducting for some time (www.athenasoft.org). Design of support or education...

WC present a transformation system for deductive database (DDB) modules. We show that it preserves several data-dependency properties of a DDB and is correct for the “perfect model” semantlcb of DDBs. Perfect models are not directly amenable to logical reasoning since logically equivalent DDBs may have different perfect models. We develop an approach which involves using a condltlon on data dep...

Rough set theory can be considered as the foundation of various kinds of deductive reasoning. In this paper, the authors do some logical investigations about the possibility of using partial approximation of sets as semantics of a three-valued partial logic which use one-argument predicate parameters without quantification. As a consequence of using the lower and upper approximation of sets, ap...

Although logic diagrams are widely used as methods for introducing students to elementary logical reasoning, it is still open to debate in cognitive psychology whether diagrams can aid untrained people to successfully conduct deductive reasoning. In our previous work, some empirical evidence was provided for the effectiveness of a certain type of logic diagrams in the process of solving categor...

This paper relates comparative belief structures and a general view of belief management in the setting of deductively closed logical representations of accepted beliefs. We show that the range of compatibility between the classical deductive closure and uncertain reasoning covers precisely the nonmonotonic 'preferential' inference system of Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor and nothing else. In terms...

This paper discusses how the basic notions of formal logic can be expressed in terms of argumentation and how formal classical (or deductive) reasoning can be captured as a dialectic argumentation process. Classical propositional logical entailment of a formula is understood via the wining arguments between those supporting the formula and arguments supporting its contradictory or negated formu...

As a cross-cultural discipline, the interpretation of folk signs faces many challenges, such as unclear interpretation, insufficient emphasis on interpreting items human brain, and need for unified mode to facilitate cultural dissemination. This paper proposes an from three parts, semiosis sign, logical reasoning modes, scope interpretation. proposed can provide theoretical support development ...