The immobilized, low-spinal turtle produces 3 forms of the fictive scratch reflex in response to tactile stimulation of specific sites on its body surface (Robertson et al., 1985). We used complete transections of the spinal cord at different rostrocaudal levels to reveal the minimum length of spinal cord sufficient to produce each scratch form. Additional transections revealed the progressive ...

Figure 2. H NMR spectra of (a) [R4N ]2[IrX6 2−] in toluene-d8 obtained after mixing the organic (toluene-d8) layer of TOAB (2.0 mmol) and the aqueous (D2O) layer of K2IrCl6 (0.4 mmol), (b) 1-dodecanthiol (0.8 mmol) added to a, (c) 1-dodecanthiol (1.6 mmol) added to a, (d) NaBH4 (4.0 mmol) added to c, (e) S-dodecylthiosulfate (0.8 mmol) added to a, and (f) Ir nanoparticle in CDCl3 after purifica...

We consider a D4 − D8 − D8 brane construction which gives rise to a large N QCD at sufficiently small energies. Using the gravity dual of this system, we study chiral phase transition at finite chemical potential and temperature and find a line of first order phase transitions in the phase plane. We compute the spectral function and the photon emission rate. The trace of the spectral function i...

Pattern-avoiding involutions, which have received much enumerative attention, are patternavoiding permutations which are invariant under the natural action of a certain subgroup of D8, the symmetry group of a square. Three other nontrivial subgroups of D8 also have invariant permutations under this action. For each of these subgroups, we enumerate the set of permutations which are invariant und...

Article history: Received 11 November 2009 Available online 16 July 2010 JEL classification: C9 D02 D7 D8

The potential between two D4-branes at angles with partially unbroken supersymmetry is computed, and is used to discuss the creation of a fundamental string when two such D4-branes cross each other in M(atrix) theory. The effective Lagrangian is shown to be anomalous at 1-loop approximation, but it can be modified by bare Chern-Simons terms to preserve the invariance under the large gauge trans...

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is readily accessible by catalytic hydrogenation of carbohydrate-derived levulinic acid (LA) and an attractive biobased chemical with a wide range applications in both the (e.g., as biomass-derived solvent) transportation fuel sector. In this study, we used isotopic labeling experiments to provide insights into pathways involved conversion LA GVL under different reaction c...

We consider a D4 − D8 − D8 brane construction which gives rise to a large N QCD at sufficiently small energies. Using the gravity dual of this system, we study chiral phase transition at finite chemical potential and temperature and find a line of first order phase transitions in the phase plane. We compute the spectral function and the photon emission rate. The trace of the spectral function i...

We study the fermionic sector of a probe D8-brane in the supergravity background made of D4-branes compactified on a circle with supersymmetry broken explicitly by the boundary conditions. At low energies the dual field theory is effectively four-dimensional and has proved surprisingly successful in recovering qualitative and quantitative properties of QCD. We investigate fluctuations of the fe...