Early diagnosis followed by primary repair is the best treatment for spontaneous esophageal perforation. However, the appropriate management of esophageal leakage after surgical repair is still controversial. Recently, the successful adaptation of vacuum-assisted closure therapy, which is well established for the treatment of chronic surface wounds, has been demonstrated for esophageal perforat...

Subacute rumen acidotic (SARA) conditions are a consequence of high grain feeding. Recent work has shown that the pattern of grain feeding can significantly impact the rumen epimural microbiota. In a continuation of these works, the objective of this study was to determine the role of grain feeding patterns on the colonization and associated changes in predicted functional properties of the fib...

The difference in phenotypes of queens and workers is a hallmark of the highly eusocial insects. The caste dimorphism is often described as a switch-controlled polyphenism, in which environmental conditions decide an individual's caste. Using theoretical modeling and empirical data from honeybees, we show that there is no discrete larval developmental switch. Instead, a combination of larval de...

OBJECTIVE We assessed the uptake of a nutritional intervention promoting exclusive breast-feeding with early cessation between 3 and 4 months of age to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. DESIGN Between March 2001 and March 2003, HIV-infected pregnant women who had received perinatal antiretroviral prophylaxis were systematically offered prenatally 2 infant feeding...

An 18-week-old umbrella cockatoo presented for continuous vocalization and one episode of regurgitation. The bird had been purchased 3 weeks before presentation and was the first large pet bird owned by this family. The cockatoo was fed a commercial baby bird formula that the owners were heating in the microwave before feeding. The owner had been instructed on formula feeding by the pet store p...

the current study was conducted to evaluate effects of sequential or wet feeding programs subsequent to and early meal feeding regime on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. 192 ross 308 chicks (seven-day old) were allocated to four treatments at four replicates (12 chicks per plot) based on a completely randomized design. treatments were included: contro...