This research was conducted to find out the agreement made by husband and wife before marriage takes place which is called or prenuptial regulates separation of assets. The joint assets that are formed in from time until date bond broken. Furthermore, based on Article 38 Law no. 16 2019 stipulates marriages can be dissolved due to: death; divorce; court decision. study uses Normative Juridical ...

One of the better studied properties for operators in judgment aggregation is independence, which essentially dictates that the collective judgment on one issue should not depend on the individual judgments given on some other issue(s) in the same agenda. Independence is a desirable property for various reasons, but unfortunately it is too strong, as, together with mild additional conditions, i...

We examine the e¤ect of collective rights organizations (CROs) on upstream innovation. CROs are established to facilitate downstream use, such as production and downstream innovation, of upstream intellectual property, We consider two simple royalty redistribution schemes, two di¤erent innovation environments and two di¤erent antitrust rules. We show that in most cases CROs increase upstream R&...

Many fields have struggled to develop strategies, policies, or structures to optimally manage data, materials, and intellectual property rights (IPRs). There is growing recognition that the field of stem cell science, in part because of its complex IPRs landscape and the importance of cell line collections, may require collective action to facilitate basic and translational research. Access to ...

In this paper, we propose a novel top-down design method for the development of collective behaviors of swarm robotics systems called property-driven design. Swarm robotics systems are usually designed and developed using a code-and-fix approach, that is, the developer devises, tests and modifies the individual robot behaviors until a desired collective behavior is obtained. The code-and-fix ap...

The property rights ideally suited for farming differed from those that were well adapted to mobile hunting and gathering, raising the question: How did this new institution emerge in the places where farming was first practiced? I survey the current archaeological evidence on the political, social, and economic institutions of the first populations that adopted farming in southwest Asia. While...

Innovation is often assumed to be the work of a talented few, whose products are passed on to the masses. Here, we argue that innovations are instead an emergent property of our species' cultural learning abilities, applied within our societies and social networks. Our societies and social networks act as collective brains. We outline how many human brains, which evolved primarily for the acqui...

The design of self-organizing, collective systems is challenging. The major challenge is understanding the complex, non-linear relation between the microscopic level (individual agent) and the macroscopic level (collective behavior). An option to get an understanding of these systems is to derive micro-macro links that define a direct (mathematical) connection between the two levels. Models can...

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is the property of a system whereby the collective behaviors of (unsophisticated) entities interacting locally with their environment cause coherent functional global patterns to emerge. SI provides a basis with which it is possible to explore collective (or distributed) problem solving without centralized control or the provision of a global model. To tackle the formati...