Plasma is the fourth state of matter and other states of matter are liquid, gas, and solid. Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun and also can be created artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources. There are two types of plasma: thermal ...

We demonstrate vibrational cooling of anions via collisions with a background gas in an ion trap attached to a cryogenically controlled cold head (10-400 K). Photoelectron spectra of vibrationally cold C60(-) anions, produced by electrospray ionization and cooled in the cold ion trap, have been obtained. Relative to spectra taken at room temperature, vibrational hot bands are completely elimina...

Cold stress due to whole body cooling at low environmental temperatures exacerbates lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary urgency, nocturia, and residual urine. We established a model system using healthy conscious rats to explore the mechanisms of cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity. In this review, we summarize the basic findings revealed by this model. Rats that are quick...

The effect of cold on platelet adenine nucleotide (PAN) metabolism was studied. Spontaneous aggregation which occurs when chilled platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is simultaneously warmed and stirred was not accompanied by the changes in adenine nucleotides associated with the release reaction. Connective tissue caused the release of the same amount of ADP and conversion of equal amounts of AlP to IM...

The role of cold work reduction and its effect on fatigue properties are examined by means of rotary beam fatigue testing. In this study, processing parameters from the initial ingot to the final size before finish drawing were held constant. Fatigue specimens were prepared with between 20 and 55% cold work in five percent increments. These samples were subsequently heat treated, cut into test ...

The effect of cold on platelet adenine nucleotide (PAN) metabolism was studied. Spontaneous aggregation which occurs when chilled platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is simultaneously warmed and stirred was not accompanied by the changes in adenine nucleotides associated with the release reaction. Connective tissue caused the release of the same amount of ADP and conversion of equal amounts of AlP to IM...

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a widely used medicinal plant possessing several pharmacological effects due to presence of active compounds. In order to study of seed priming effects on seedling growth of chamomile, an experimental design, based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland...

Cold drawing process is one of the most used metals forming processes in industries for forming seamless tubes. This process of plastic deformation of metals occurs below the recrystallization temperature and is generally performed at room temperature. When metal is cold worked, upon the release of forming force, the springback occurs. In this paper, the springback effect of the seamless tube t...