Global warming is increasing permanently, because the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is rising continuously. According to National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 407 ppm in June 2016 and 413 ppm in April 2017 as a last record for now. If the effects of other greenhouse gases, such as CH4, N<su...

Introduction: Aluminum is known as a neurotoxic element which causes neurodegeneration, learning deduction and movement disorders. Aluminum ions in the brain cause serious problems such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and other degenerative diseases. On the other hand, Zinc is a dietary element essential for several biological processes, modulates neurotransmission in brain regions and associates wi...

      Long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence and tolerance. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dex...

Background To examine the effects of co-administration of sildenafil and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with out-of-proportion pulmonary hypertension who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methods and Results Twenty consecutive cardiac surgery patients with out-ofproportion pulmonary hypertension were randomized postoperatively into two groups: group A received 10ppm of iNO fo...

Intranasal vaccination is particularly a striking route for mucosal immunization, due to the ease of administration and the induction of both mucosal and humoral immunity. However, soluble antigens (Ag) are not sufficiently taken up after the nasal administration and need to be co-administered with adjuvants, penetration enhancers or encapsulated in particles. So, in this study, tetanus toxoid ...

The present study investigated the effects of co-administration of aspirin, metformin, atorvastatin and captopril on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in the heart and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this study, rats were randomly divided into the following eleven groups: control (Cont.), and diabetic (D), as well as 9 groups that were treated with metformin (M, 300 mg...

objective(s): auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) (aur), from citrus species has shown anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and acetylcholinesterase (ache) and beta-secretase inhibitory effects. scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist which causes short-term memory impairments and is used for inducing animal model of alzheimer’s disease (ad). this research aimed to investigate ...

Objective(s):  The cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. This study investigated the effects of curcumin (turmeric extract) and the cholinergic system and their interaction on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: At first, an injection cannula was implanted in right ventricles of the animals. One week afte...