thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. the pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. dysregulated signaling functions of thro...

Even though nearly thirty-years of clinical research has attempted to improve the outcomes for patients with central nervous system neoplasms, the survival remains limited for a majority of these patients. Diverse intracellular signaling pathways involving apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and relevant mechanisms of resistance associated with CNS neoplasms are continuing to be elucidated. Phase...

Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is very rare. We report a five-year-old boy with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), who developed CNS relapse under treatment when the primary tumor was in complete remission. The patient presented initially with persistent cough and an anterior mediastinal mass and had no bone marrow or CNS involvement at diagnosis...

Abstract BACKGROUND Our previous studies has developed an adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) against high grade gliomas in both human and murine systems. ACT significantly improves survival models of CNS malignancies. have shown that efficacy is associated with the observed increase tumor-associated dendritic cells (DC) which arise from transferred hematopoietic stem (HSC). HSC-derived DCs play a ...

Meningiomas are common, benign tumors found in the dural layers of central nervous system (CNS) that often incidentally. 18F-fluciclovine is an amino acid radiotracer used to monitor recurrence prostate cancer due its high uptake cells. This case report outlines a patient with retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) mutation and metastasis bone incidentally noted have enhancing, extra-axial ...

Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is a rare and aggressive childhood cancer (1). Although the infant kidney is the most common site of rhabdoid tumors, these tumors occasionally occur at other sites and in older children and adults (2,3). Less than 25% of infants and young children with rhabdoid tumor of the kidney survive (4,5). Rhabdoid tumor is defined histologically by large cells, which may res...

To explore the potential efficacy of local cytokine delivery against tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), C57BL6 mice were simultaneously given intracranial injections of tumor challenge and of irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells transduced to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2). Intracranial IL-2 therapy generated antitumor responses capable of extending the survival of animals that received simu...

Myxopapillary ependymomas (MPEs) have historically been thought to be benign tumors occurring most frequently in adults. Only 8 to 20% of these tumors occur in the first two decades of life, making this tumor a rarity in pediatric neurosurgery. Five patients with intraspinal MPEs were treated by the authors between 1992 and 2003. Four (80%) of these five patients suffered from disseminated dise...

New MR techniques: diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are increasingly used in clinical radiologic practice and may help to differentiate CNS lymphomas from other lesions of the brain (1,2). Diffusion-weighted MRI is a powerful tool in characterization of brain neoplasms. DWI measures the diffusion of water molecules in biologic tissues; diffusion within the tumor is con...

Regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, Treg) have been shown to play a major role in suppression of the immune response to malignant gliomas. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of Treg infiltration in metastatic brain tumor models, including melanoma, breast and colon cancers. Our data indicate that both CD4+ and Treg infiltration are significantly increased throughout the time of metast...