OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of blocking the angiotensin II AT-1 receptor by the systemic administration of candesartan on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups, as follows: GI, which was fed a rabbit standard diet; GII, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet;...

Programmed cell death is a prominent feature of neural development that is regulated by a variety of cell-cell interactions. We used the avian ciliary ganglion to dissect the relative contributions of target tissues vs. ganglionic inputs in regulating cell death. The two populations of the ciliary ganglion innervate different targets: choroid neurons innervate vasculature, whereas ciliary neuro...

Coloboma is a defect in the morphogenesis of the eye that is a consequence of failure of choroid fissure fusion. It is among the most common congenital defects in humans and can significantly impact vision. However, very little is known about the cellular mechanisms that regulate choroid fissure closure. Using high-resolution confocal imaging of the zebrafish optic cup, we find that apico-basal...

Choroid plexus papillomas are rare tumors, representing less than 1% of all intracranial neoplasms in our review of the English literature. Derived from the neuroepithelial cells of the choroid plexus, these tumors recapitulate the structure of the normal choroid plexus, often demonstrating a well-developed papillary architecture. This tumor most commonly affects children and typically arises i...

PURPOSE cDNA libraries from the mouse retina have recently been reported, but no well characterized library from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or choroid of the mouse has yet appeared in the literature. To complement these libraries and to provide the first mouse RPE/choroid library, we used freshly dissected tissue from adult C57BL/6J mice to construct new retina and RPE/choroid librari...

The effect of intracisternal inoculation of bacteria on the choroid plexus system, which transports penicillin from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood, was studied in vitro and in vivo. Meningeal and choroid plexus inflammations as well as CSF pleocytosis were induced in rabbits with intracisternal inoculations of Hemophilus influenzae or Staphylococcus aureus. At various times after bacterial ...

Though diabetes is a disease with vascular complications, little is known about its effects on the blood-brain barrier or the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). The BCSFB is situated at choroid plexuses located in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. Choroid plexuses are the primary site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and express numerous ion transporters. Previous studie...

Choroid plexus tumors are rare intraventricular papillary neoplasms derived from choroid plexus epithelium, which account for approximately 2% to 4% of intracranial tumors in children and 0.5% in adults. Almost all choroid plexus carcinomas are seen in children and are extremely rare in adults. Headache, diplopia, and ataxia are the most common symptoms usually caused by mechanical obstruction ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) has been implicated in regulating all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) synthesis in response to visual signals in animal models of myopia. To explore the potential role of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes and atRA in human postnatal ocular growth, RALDH activity, along with the distribution of RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3 in the po...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to monitor temporal changes in the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid of chick eyes using biometric, ultrastructural, and elemental microanalysis techniques as a means of visualizing more detailed signs of the physiological processes underlying choroidal expansion and refractive normalization during recovery from form deprivation. METHO...