Comparison of early development of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae with Xenopus laevis suggests that the cleavage pattern of Xenopus and the tight coupling of events at the midblastula transition are features of the accelerated development of small amphibian eggs with aquatic reproduction, rather than generalized features of amphibian development. The large eggs of the marsupial frog G...

During tumor cell invasion, certain extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as hyaluronan (HA) are degraded into small oligosaccharides, which are detected in patients. We previously reported that such HA oligosaccharides induce the proteolytic cleavage of an ECM-binding molecule CD44 from tumor cells and promote tumor cell migration in a CD44-dependent manner. Here, we report that chondroit...

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, responsible for infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) with rapid transmission. This study aimed characterize and compare SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV major viral proteins predict antigen proteasomal cleavage patterns, MHC class I processing presentati...

Enzymatic colicins such as colicin E9 (ColE9) bind to BtuB on the cell surface of Escherichia coli and rapidly recruit a second coreceptor, either OmpF or OmpC, through which the N-terminal natively disordered region (NDR) of their translocation domain gains entry into the cell periplasm and interacts with TolB. Previously, we constructed an inactive disulfide-locked mutant ColE9 (ColE9(s-s)) t...

Rheum turkestanicum Janischew. (Polygonaceae) is a plant that grows in central Asia and in north-east of Iran. Traditionally, people use roots of R. turkestanicum as an anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive as well as anticancer agent. In this study the cytotoxicity and apoptogenic properties of ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-hexane and H2O extracts from Rheum turkestanicum Janischew. (Polygonaceae) ro...

Background: Arresting in a certain step of development like two-cell stage could be one of the reasons of infertility. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of ethanol and strontium on growth and development of two-cell arrested mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: The females were coupled with male following superovulation. Positive vaginal plug mice were killed 48 hours after hCG i...

De novo formation of cells in the Drosophila embryo is achieved when each nucleus is surrounded by a furrow of plasma membrane. Remodeling of the plasma membrane during cleavage furrow ingression involves the exocytic and endocytic pathways, including endocytic tubules that form at cleavage furrow tips (CFT-tubules). The tubules are marked by amphiphysin but are otherwise poorly understood. Her...