For radical designs the hot-carrier reliability is an important issue. This creates the need for the numerical simulation of hot-carrier induced degradation. From a design point of view, the goal of the degradation simulation will be the hot-carrier aging simulation for the prediction of device lifetime. This simulation requires a complicated set of physical models, which includes the hot-carri...

Carrier relaxation processes have been investigated in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs v-groove quantum wires (QWRs) with a large subband separation sDE.46 meVd. Signatures of inhibited carrier relaxation mechanisms are seen in temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence-excitation measurements; we observe strong emission from the first excited state of the QWR below ,50 K. This is attri...

COMPASS is an indigenously developed Chinese global navigation satellite system and will share many features in common with GPS (Global Positioning System). Since the ultra-tight GPS/INS (Inertial Navigation System) integration shows its advantage over independent GPS receivers in many scenarios, the federated ultra-tight COMPASS/INS integration has been investigated in this paper, particularly...

UNLABELLED The pathogenesis of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection was investigated in 46 cattle that were either naive or had been vaccinated using a recombinant, adenovirus-vectored vaccine 2 weeks before challenge. The prevalence of FMDV persistence was similar in both groups (62% in vaccinated cattle, 67% in nonvaccinated cattle), despite vaccinated cattle having been p...

For simplicity, we use the following convention: x is a set, i, j are integers, n, n1, n2 are natural numbers, and K, K1, K2 are fields. Let K be a field. A field is called a subfield of K if it satisfies the conditions (Def. 1). (Def. 1)(i) The carrier of it ⊆ the carrier of K, (ii) the addition of it = (the addition of K) (the carrier of it), (iii) the multiplication of it = (the multiplicati...

We develop the concept of quantum carrier and show that messages can be uploaded and downloaded from this carrier and while in transit, these messages are hidden from external agents. We explain in detail the working of the quantum carrier for different communication tasks, including quantum key distribution, classical secret and quantum state sharing among a set of n players according to gener...

Electrical carrier separation from a photoexcited photochromic molecule could be a promising method for controlling the photosensitivity of such a molecule. We report an efficient carrier separation from a photochromic diarylethene (DAE) molecule by adopting a device structure with a heterojunction consisting of an n-type diarylethene layer and a p-type layer of N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-dipheny...

067002-1 We have investigated the temperature dependence of the optical reflectivity on a femtosecond scale in a near optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor. The combined study of the lattice and carrier dynamics at temperatures above Tc allows us to identify two crossover temperatures in the normal state, giving evidence for an inhomogeneity of the pseudogap regime. These crossovers exhibit ...

Relations are derived that describe the combined effects of electrodiffusion, the Na/K pump, and Na/Ca transport by carrier on the resting membrane potential. Equations are derived that apply to both steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. Some example calculations from the equations are plotted at different permeability coefficient ratios, PK:PCa:PNa. The equations predict a depolarizing...

The efficacy of chloramphenicol: in the treatment of acute typhoid fever is well established.84' 9 l0'1 18 However, treatment of the typhoid carrier state with this antibiotic, for varying periods of time and at dosage levels generally accepted as high, has been unsatisfactory.2 Untoward reactions have also been reported,' 2,6 of which anorexia, nausea, and a bitter taste in the mouth were the ...