Intravenous leiomyomatosis is an unusual clinical condition characterized by histologically benign smooth muscle lesions extending from the uterus into pelvic and systemic veins and, more rarely, into the right cardiac chambers. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a three-week history of dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath and fatigue. Echocardiography showed a lar...

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins drainage. In this entity, the pulmonary veins, instead of draining to left atrium, connect abnormally to the systemic venous circulation. A right-to-left shunt is obligatory for survival. Based on its type and degree of pulmonary venous obstruction, TAPVC may result in pulmonary hypertension ...

-----------------------------------.... Retrograde coronary sinus perfusion may provide equal if not better myocardial protection than antegrade cardioplegia during certain heart surgeries. The coronary venous system can be divided into the greater and lesser systems and veno-venous and arterio-venous anastomoses. Venous drainage varies greatly and retrograde coronary sinus perfusion depends on...

KAYE, MICHAEL P., JOHN M. GEESBREGHT, AND WALTER C. RANDALL. Distribution of autonomic nerves to the canine heart. Am. J. Physiol. 218(4): 1025-1029. 1970.-Ventricular contractile force and lead II ECG were recorded in 15 dogs under chloralose anesthesia prior to and following sectioning of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and venae cavae. All experiments were carried out on cardiopulmona...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac rhythm disturbance and its incidence is increasing. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a highly successful therapy for treating AF, and its use is becoming more widespread; however, with its increasing use and evolving technique, known complications are better understood and new complications are emerging. Computed tomography (CT) of the pulm...

Cephalic and basilic veins begin their path from around the wrist and continue towards the area above the forearm. The basilic vein becomes deep around the mid-arm, while the cephalic vein becomes deep around the upper forearm, in deltopectoral groove. The superficial veins are most commonly used for vein puncture, transfusion, bypass graft, and cardiac catheterization. In renal patients, the b...

Coronary sinus (CS) is the venous drainage system of the heart. Absence of the coronary sinus or atresia of ostium of the CS are rarely seen cardiac malformations. Congenital absence of CS usually is found together with other cardiac malformations, however, isolated congenital absence of CS is very rare. Multiple coronary-cameral fistulous connections, through which the blood drains into one of...