Single ventricle is that condition in which both atrioventricular (A-V) orifices enter a common ventricular sinus, from which the arterial trunks emerge with their coni. The following types of single ventricle were found: (1) with regular (noninverted) transposition in levocardia; (2) with inverted transposition in levocardia; (3) with normal position of arterial trunks in levocardia; (4) in de...

BACKGROUND Apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation is detrimental to the patient. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal instrumentation using two single file rotary Ni-Ti systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars with straight roots were sterilized and divided into two groups instrumented using...

A case of unusual root morphology is presented to demonstrate anatomic variations in mandibular second molars. The most common configuration of mandibular second molar is to have two roots with three root canals; however mandibular molars may have many different combinations. Endodontic therapy was performed in a mandibular second molar with 3 separate roots 2 located mesially and one distally....

that he could not rest for a moment; his friends stated that he had not urinated for 2 days, and that previously he used to pass water in a very fine stream and sometimes only in drops ; the disease had been coming on for some years, and he had gonorrhoea about 7 years ago. I immediately placed him under chloroform, and on examination found the bladder greatly distended and the orifice of the p...

A case report is presented regarding a maxillary first molar with 5 canals. The morphology is atypical because it is characterized by a single palatal root with 2 canals with separate orifices joining in the apical third. A literature review pertaining to the morphology of maxillary first molars is discussed. Modifications to the normal access opening and examination of the pulpal floor for add...

Three root canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar is unusual. The aim of this case report was to describe a maxillary first molar that presented three root canals in the mesiobuccal root. The distance among the three canal orifices was 1.5 mm. The working lengths of the three canals were within the normal range.

Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is an uncommon congenital heart defect. The isolated occurrence of this anomaly is very rare and, more often, is associated with another congenital malformation, dominated by atrioventricular canal defects (AVCD). Mitral insufficiency and/or stenosis may complicate this malformation. Treatment may be summarized as abstention, surgical valve repair, or valve re...

Ectopic ureter is one of the rarely encountered abnormalities of the urinary system resulting from the abnormal relation of the mesonephric canal and ureteric bud during embryonic development. Ectopic ureter, which is more commonly seen in women and associated with duplex collecting system, is an entity that should be remembered in children with complaints of constant urinary incontinence despi...

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the alimentary canal is a variant of adenocarcinoma that has a poor clinical prognosis. SRCC of the ampulla of Vater is extremely uncommon with < 12 cases reported in the literature. SRCC of the ampulla of Vater occurs in an older age group (mean age 60 yr) when compared to SRCC of the stomach (under 45 yr), but is similar to SRCC of the large intestine. We ...