BACKGROUND This study describes the transmission of border disease virus (BDV) from a persistently infected calf to seronegative heifers in early pregnancy, resulting in persistently infected fetuses. On day 50 of pregnancy (= day 0 of the infection phase), six heifers were co-housed in a free stall with a bull calf persistently infected with BDV (pi BVD) for 60 days. The heifers underwent dail...

A national eradication programme was designed with the aim of achieving total freedom from bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in the Swiss cattle population. The eradication programme consisted of testing every Swiss bovine for antigen, culling virus-positive animals and applying movement restrictions. Starting in 2008, the campaign achieved the goal of reducing the proportion of newb...

Indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC) on skin biopsies for identification of persistently infected (PI) animals has been used as a parallel test to antigen and antibody ELISAs in a bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) voluntary control program. The aim was to evaluate the reliability and feasibility of IHC on ear skin tissues to detect PI animals in field conditions, including both adult and calves under...

Despite 60 years of vaccination, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections remain a source of significant economic loss for producers in the United States. Control program design in the United States varies by region based on the incidence of BVDV, density of animal populations, animal movement, contact with wildlife populations, level of producer compliance, variation among circulating BVD...

UNLABELLED Many previous studies have shown that lesions of the peripheral vestibular system result in spatial memory deficits and electrophysiological dysfunction in the hippocampus. Given the importance of glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the hippocampus, it was predicted that bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) would alter the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors in this area of th...

This paper summarises the views of a European group of scientists involved in the control of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), as part of a European Union Thematic Network. The group concludes that the technical tools and the knowledge needed to eradicate BVDV are at hand, as proven by successful national control schemes in several European countries. A generic model for BVDV control is pres...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that infects cattle, and is globally important. It causes substantial financial losses to the livestock industry. In the current study, a one-step reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was set up for rapid and efficient detection of BVDV. For this purpose, four primers were designed to recognize six distinct...

Locating the Optic Disc (OD) is of critical importance in a retinal analysis system. This paper presents a fast algorithm for the automatic localization of OD in digital fundus retinal images. OD localization follows the Blood Vessel Detection (BVD). A morphology based approach is proposed for BVD. OD is localized by exploiting the property that it is a bright region and the density of blood ve...