We consider the three dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering problem of determining information about a buried coated object from a knowledge of the electric and magnetic fields measured on the surface of the earth corresponding to time harmonic electric dipoles as incident fields. We assume that the buried object is a perfect conductor that is (possibly) partially coated by a thin diel...

The sulfur cycle in marine sediments exerts a major control on the redox state of the ocean and atmosphere. The overall driver in the sulfur cycle is the microbial mediated sulfate reduction to sulfide (SR). We broadly divide sedimentary SR into two categories: organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR), which acts as the terminal electron acceptor during the degradation of buried organic matter; an...

Variable-temperature photoluminescence PL spectra of Si-doped self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots QDs with and without GaAs cap layers were measured. Narrow and strong emission peak at 1075 nm and broad and weak peak at 1310 nm were observed for the buried and surface QDs at low temperature, respectively. As large as 210 meV redshift of the PL peak of the surface QDs with respect to that of the ...

An achromatic infrared (lambda = 1.2-4 microm), Si-prism quarter-wave retarder (QWR) is described that uses total internal reflection at a buried Si-SiO2 interface at an angle of incidence phi near 33 degrees, where deltaDelta/deltaphi = 0. The retardance delta deviates from 90 degrees by < +/- 2 degrees within a field of view of +/- 10 degrees (in air) over the entire bandwidth. Because the Si...

Strained layer InGaAs-GaAs single-quantum-well buried heterostructure lasers were fabricated by a hybrid molecular beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy technique. Very low threshold currents, 2.4 mA for an uncoated laser ( L = 425 pm) and 0.75 mA for a coated laser ( R 0.9, L = 198 pm), were obtained. A 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 7.6 GHz was demonstrated at low bias current (14 mA).

The properties of a magnetically ordered buried Fe oxide layer are presented. This oxide has a room-temperature magnetization exceeding that of Fe3O4 by 42% and of gamma-Fe2O3 by 89%. The oxide consists of a component (70%) with a net moment of 2.0 micro(B)/Fe ion, while the remaining spins yield no net moment. The oxide magnetization is stabilized in part by the proximate Fe metal.

This paper presents a novel technique to eliminate non-simultaneous triggering e ects in nger-type ESD protection transistor using SiGe heterojunction buried layer structures. It is con rmed that lower snapback voltage and maximum lattice temperature are obtainable in the new structure based on device simulation. As a result, current localization and lattice overheating of a nger-type protectio...

The gas in a coal seam is clean energy source, but it also the main cause of accidents during mining mineral resources. There large pressure–relief influx upper and lower adjacent layers 1211 working face Wanfeng Coal Mine Jinhui, Shanxi Province, China. Based on evolution law overburden fractures, collaborative extraction mode “directional drilling gas-conducting fractured zone + staggered bur...

earthquakes could have catastrophic impacts on tunnels and buried structures. liquefaction phenomenon is one of the most destructive effects of earthquakes. liquefaction results in decreasing effective stress and this consequently leads to decreases in shear strength of the soil. as a result, large deformation in both soil and buried structure occurs. moreover, liquefaction causes soil boiling,...