Several species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data. We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultiv...

Halyomorpha halys is an introduced stink bug species from Asia that is spreading throughout the Mid-Atlantic United States. It is native to South Korea, Japan, and eastern China, where it is an occasional pest of tree fruit, including apple and pear. Cage experiments with adults placed on apple and peach during critical plant growth stages demonstrate that it can cause damage to developing frui...

Apple fruit can be damaged because of some impact forces which are the main sources of apple degradation during the contact. To reduce the damage, it is necessary to investigate normal contact forces. The normal contact force models depend on dynamical parameters such as spring and damping. The spring and damping parameters of Kuwabara and Kano normal contact force model are obtained in differe...

Diseases in fruit cause devastating problems in economic losses and production in the agricultural industry worldwide. In this chapter, a method to detect and classify fruit diseases automatically is proposed and experimentally validated. The image processing-based proposed approach is composed of the following main steps: in the first step K-Means clustering technique is used for the defect se...

The efficacy of thyme and savory essential oils were investigated against Botrytis cinerea on apple fruit. Apples treated with thyme and savory essential oils showed significantly lower gray mold severity and incidence. Thyme essential oil at 1% concentration showed the highest efficacy, with lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameter. The expression of specific pathogenesis-related (P...

The proverb “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” addressing the health effects of the fruit. Apple is the most important temperate fruit crop and has been cultivated in Asia and Europe from antiquity. Apple is a fruit of temperate climate and it is native to many parts of Europe and Asia [1]. Worldwide, apple is the four most broad produced short-lived fruits, and in more than 94 countries, i...

As the largest terrestrial biomes, crop and pasturelands can have very large positive or negative impacts on biodiversity and human well-being. Understanding how animals use and impact agroecosystems is important for making informed decisions that achieve conservation and production outcomes. Yet, few studies examine the tradeoffs associated with wildlife in agricultural systems. We examined bi...

The proverb “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” addressing the health effects of the fruit. Apple is the most important temperate fruit crop and has been cultivated in Asia and Europe from antiquity. Apple is a fruit of temperate climate and it is native to many parts of Europe and Asia [1]. Worldwide, apple is the four most broad produced short-lived fruits, and in more than 94 countries, i...

Anthocyanin concentration is an important determinant of the colour of many fruits. In apple (Malus x domestica), centuries of breeding have produced numerous varieties in which levels of anthocyanin pigment vary widely and change in response to environmental and developmental stimuli. The apple fruit cortex is usually colourless, although germplasm does exist where the cortex is highly pigment...

OBJECTIVES To describe the contribution of whole fruit, including discrete types of fruit, to total fruit consumption and to investigate differences in consumption by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We analyzed data from 3129 youth aged 2 to 19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2012. Using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the What We ...