The currently available local anesthetic agents are capable of providing high quality nerve blockade in a wide variety of clinical circumstances. Our understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of toxicity is increasing rapidly. Knowledge of the chemistry of local anesthetics has enabled clinicians to exploit the increased safety. Local anesthesia is an important part of the daily routines...

Drug allergy is one type of adverse reaction to drugs and encompasses a spectrum of hypersensitivity reactions with heterogeneous mechanisms and clinical presentations. A thorough history is essential to the management of drug allergy. Laboratory testing has a very limited role in the management of drug allergy. Graded dose challenges and procedures to induce drug tolerance might be required in...

agent technology is an emerging and promising research area in software technology, which increasingly contributes to the development of value-added information systems for large healthcare organizations due to its capability to automatically modify themselves in response to changes in their operating environment. multi agent system (mas) approach is the construction of a complex system as a se...

481 March 2013 M illions of children have surgery under anesthesia each year in the United states. The majority of these children receive volatile anesthetics-based general anesthesia. However, the safety of general anesthetics, especially volatile anesthetics, in children has become an active research field in the last 10 yr because the detrimental effects of general anesthetics on brain cell ...

a-Chloralose is widely used as an anesthetic in the laboratory due to its minimal effects on autonomic and cardiovascular systems, yet little is known about its mechanism of action. We examined the effects of a-chloralose on g-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor activity because recent studies have shown that several classes of general anesthetics modulate the function of this receptor. G...

BACKGROUND With the emergence of new laser and dermatologic procedures, the need for more effective topical anesthesia continues to grow. There are now several topical anesthetics that are being used prior to laser and surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE To compare the degree and duration of anesthesia produced by four commonly used topical anesthetics, we performed a prospective study investigati...

481 March 2013 M illions of children have surgery under anesthesia each year in the United states. The majority of these children receive volatile anesthetics-based general anesthesia. However, the safety of general anesthetics, especially volatile anesthetics, in children has become an active research field in the last 10 yr because the detrimental effects of general anesthetics on brain cell ...

Thiopental, monosodium 5-ethyl-5(1-methylbutyl) -thiobarbiturate, is extensively used in clinical anesthesia either as a primary anesthetic agent for short surgical procedures or as a supplementary drug in conjunction with other anesthetics. Fatalities have been attributed to its use (1, 2) and cardiac arrest has occurred following its administration to patients under spinal anesthesia (3). Mos...

Drug shortages continue to be at the forefront of health care concerns.1,2Thiopental, an agent used for anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), became unavailable in North America in August 2010. The sole producer of this drug, Hospira (headquartered in Lake Forest, Illinois), ceased production because of liability concerns if thiopental were used via lethal injection to enforce the ...