Individual preferences for good habitat are often thought to have a beneficial stabilizing effect for populations. However, if individuals preferentially compete for better-quality territories, these may become hotspots of conflict. We show that, in an endangered species, this process decreases the productivity of favoured territories to the extent that differences in productivity between terri...

This article is a reflection on Nineteen Eighty-Four, one of the famous novels by George Orwell, British writer and journalist. It shows through techno-critical analysis that, although novel science-fiction in that it part dystopian approach to literary genre, also inspires expresses current techno-scientific innovations emblematic figure Big Brother. Moreover, just as Brother only symbol INGSO...

Bears foraging near human developments are often presumed to be responding to food shortage, but this explanation ignores social factors, in particular despotism in bears. We analyzed the age distribution and body condition index (BCI) of shot brown bears in relation to densities of bears and people, and whether the shot bears were killed by managers (i.e., problem bears; n = 149), in self-defe...

We argue that the current understanding of politics is caught in a tug war between “economistic” and “postmodern” views, neither which captures distinctiveness political rule consequently instills confusion among citizens misplaced expectations from leaders. Drawing largely on Aristotle, who warned precisely against this error, we consider logic mastery contrast it to paternal rule. Then discus...

At the end of nineteenth century, Chinese intellectuals had to respond dire situation their country. Against this background, leading intellectual Kang Youwei aimed re-establish some traditional values. Although Yang Zhu long been employed rhetorically in pre-modern China, reconstructed as an ancient master who a coherent theory centered around two expressions: wei wo (serving one’s own interes...

  Every society has oriented itself towards a governing method concerning the socio-cultural conditions and with the inclusion of different historical-ideological periods and has accepted it as its governmental plan. Iranian society is not an exception to this general rule. Throughout different historical stages, such as the government of Safavid, the Constitution Movement, and despotic g...