The quality of wide a variety of synthetic or naturally occurring materials which are used for outdoor applications are known to be adversely affected by environmental factors. These materials absorb solar ultraviolet radiation leading to changes in their structures and compositions. The consequences of these changes lead to degradation of the materials. Bitumen is one of the materials which is...

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) serve both as recyclable reaction media and as precatalysts for the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to chalcones. The reaction produces a broad scope of 1,6-ketoesters incorporating an anti-diphenyl moiety in high yields and with high stereoselectivity. In recycling experiments, the IL can be reused up to fiv...

The organisms studied were those of the family Micrococcaceae which cannot participate in genetic exchange with Micrococcus luteus and those whose biochemical and physiological characteristics appear to bridge the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. The hydrocarbon compositions of M. luteus ATCC 4698 and Micrococcus sp. ATCC 398 were shown to be similar to those previously reported for many ...

The solubilization of hydrocarbons by micelles formed of diblock and symmetric triblock copolymers in water are compared in the framework of a mean-field theory of solubilization. The block copolymers contain poly(ethylene oxide) as the hydrophilic block and poly(propylene oxide) as the hydrophobic block and are designated as EXPYEX or EWPZ (where E and P denote ethylene and propylene oxides an...

An oil pipeline ruptured in May 1994 and 2 700 tons of crude oil leaked into the São Sebastião Channel, affecting several neighboring areas. A program for the monitoring of hydrocarbons in sediments, using the gas chromatography / flame ionization detector methodology, was being undertaken in the area at the time. The data obtained were compared to those of samples collected after the accident ...

Understanding the composition of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is important for environmental studies in a variety of fields, but many prevalent compounds cannot be confidently identified using traditional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. This work uses vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) ionization to elucidate the structures of a traditionally "unresolved complex mixture" by separ...

The fast pyrolysis oils produced from proteinaceous biomass, such as pennycress presscake differ significantly from those produced from biomass with mostly lignocellulosic composition. Those from proteinaceous biomass tend to be deoxygenated, contain more nitrogen, be less acidic and be more stable. Because their composition is different, their behavior in and products from upgrading via hydrot...

BACKGROUND Technological advances (e.g. directional drilling, hydraulic fracturing), have led to increases in unconventional natural gas development (NGD), raising questions about health impacts. OBJECTIVES We estimated health risks for exposures to air emissions from a NGD project in Garfield County, Colorado with the objective of supporting risk prevention recommendations in a health impact...