Three-terminal superconducting tunnel devices offer a powerful tool to investigate nonequilibrium phenomena in superconductors. We study the role of the proximity effect in a Nb/Al bilayer forming the intermediate electrode of a stacked structure configuration. The spatial profile of the pair potential along the common electrode and the effective density of states near the detector tunnel barri...

We describe a novel and simple operation method of using a self-sensitive cantilever of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) system in liquid. As for operation of the cantilever in liquid, Al lines of an integrated piezoresistor patterned on the cantilever are easily damaged by electrochemical corrosion. To realize safe operation without the damage, an additional electrode was inserted into the liq...

An analytic study was conducted on coupled partial differential equations. We formally derived new solitary wave solutions of generalized coupled system of Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) and KdV equations by using modified extended tanh method. The traveling wave solutions for each generalized coupled system of ZK and KdV equations are shown in form of periodic, dark, and bright solitary wave solution...

Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A6 8010 Graz, Austria; Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Messeweg 11, D-38104 Braunschweig, 7 Germany, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, National Banana Research Program, 8 Uganda; Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, College of 9 Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uganda and B...

The author contends that sex differentials in childhood mortality in Pakistan are a likely outcome of son preference behavior by parents. Consideration is given to the historical improvement in the female disadvantage in mortality, the neglect of female children, gender and class factors, and son preference and high fertility. Data are from the 1981 Pakistan census and other official surveys....

Utilizing Co/Al(2)O(3)/Co magnetic tunnel junctions with Co electrodes of different crystalline phases, a clear relationship between electrode crystal structure and junction transport properties is presented. For junctions with one fcc(111) textured and one polycrystalline (polyphase and polydirectional) Co electrode, a strong asymmetry is observed in the magnetotransport properties, while when...

abstract wenner direct contact method is a method of estimating apparent electrical conductivity (eca) of agricultural soils in situ. this method can be affected by factors such as quality of electrodes in contact with soil, type of employed electric current, moisture content, clay content and compaction of soil. in this research, the effect of electrode type (rod and plate) and electric curren...