Interventional cardiology is a medical specialty widely known to deliver high radiation dose to patients, who may receive, in some complex cases, skin doses over the threshold for deterministic effects. Because several studies have demonstrated large variability in delivered doses, European SENTINEL consortium has carried out a patient dose survey to propose regional Reference Levels (RL) as a ...

Objective of this work is to evaluate radiation exposure from X-ray examinations in a large paediatric hospital in Serbia, including radiographic, fluoroscopic and computed tomography (CT) examinations in four age groups: 0-1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 y. Incident air kerma was assessed for the following radiographies: chest (AP, PA, LAT), spine (AP, LAT), pelvis (AP), urinary tract (AP, PA) and skul...

A large number of investigations into the radiation doses from x-ray guided interventional cardiology procedures in children have been carried out in recent years. A review was conducted of these studies, gathering data on kerma area product (P KA), fluoroscopic screening time (FT), air kerma, and estimates of effective dose and organ doses. The majority of studies focus on P KA and FT with no ...

Abstract The cylindrical graphite cavity chambers are used for primary standard of air kerma rate of Co-60 and Cs-137. We measured wall attenuation correction factor (Kat) at several irradiation angles using extrapolation technique because of angular dependence. From these results, it can be seen that it is insufficient technique for evaluation of Kat. The Monte Carlo simulations were also done...

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the ARPANSA, Australia and the BIPM in the mediumenergy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement within the expanded uncertainty for the comparison of 7.7 parts in 10 3 . No significant trend is observed in the results for the different radiation qualities. The results are analysed and presented in terms of ...

The estimation of the mean glandular dose to the breast (MGD) for x-ray based imaging modalities forms an essential part of quality control and is needed for risk estimation and for system design and optimisation. This review considers the development of methods for estimating the MGD for mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and dedicated breast CT (DBCT). Almost all of the methodolo...