INTRODUCTION In scuba-diving practice, instantaneous gas consumption is generally calculated from the fall in cylinder pressure without considering the effects of water temperature (heat transfer) and adiabatic processes. We aimed to develop a simple but precise method for calculating the instantaneous gas consumption during a dive. METHODS With gas thermodynamics and water/gas heat transfer,...

An external magnetic field induces large relative changes in the entropy of one-dimensional quantum spin systems at finite temperatures. This leads to a magnetocaloric effect, i.e. a change in temperature during an adiabatic (de)magnetization process. Several examples of one-dimensional spin-1/2 models are studied by employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and exact diagonalization. During a...

A second generation of satellite experiments, MAP [1] and Planck [2], will soon provide highly detailed temperature maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). From the measured spectrum of temperature fluctuations one may infer the properties of the cosmic fluid, such as its density or the rate by which it comoves with the expansion of the Universe, and thus determine most cosmological para...

In this paper combined Brayton–Rankine cycle was mathematically simulated. In the Matlab program package an adequate numerical procedure has been developed to determine the maximum thermal efficiency of the combined cycle limited by the temperature of exhaust gases at the entrance of the gas turbine and the temperature of the condensation of water vapour in the steam condenser. Furthermore, add...

High suain rate tests have been carried out at both room temperature and 100°C on a Ti6A14V alloy using the torsional split Hopkinson pressure bar. An infrared radiometer has been developed to measure the surface temperature of the specimen during the high speed torsional test. Data have been obtained on the variation of stress with strain and strain rate at shear strain rates from 0.0007s" to ...

this paper modeled heating air of a room through examining free convection in a 3d chamber. the chamber had cold and hot sources with tc and th temperatures, respectively. its other walls were adiabatic. this study aimed at predicting effect of temperature difference, displacement of hot and cold sources and their aspect ratio on flow field, temperature and heat transfer rate. to conduct the st...

The equilibration of spin temperature Tspin with kinetic temperature T is examined in a weakly correlated pure electron plasma in the strongly magnetized limit, where the distance of closest approach is large compared to the Larmor radius. In this limit, the spin precession frequency ,rZ,===g&./2 is large so the component of spin along the magnetic field is an adiabatic invariant that is broken...