This research aimed at investigating the effect of different levels of nitrogen and planting patterns on dry matter production and growth physiological indices in intercropping maize and sunflower. To do this a split plot experiment carried out based randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Shushtar Islamic Azad University. The main plot included three level...

The experiment was performed to study the seed germination and seedling growth in wheat under the influence of different concentrations of copper. The germination %, plumule and radicle length, and number of lateral roots decreased with increase in copper concentration (5, 25, 50 and 100 mgl(-1)). Total chlorophyll contents declined on 14th day from 1.605 of control to 1.581, 1.242, 1.275 and 1...

The development of the seed-cones Taxus canadensis was studied. Aril is multilayered. seed coat multi-layered, its structure changes during development. Initially, it consists 33–35 layers cells, and by time maturation they are reduced to 10 layers. A marker sign appearance an aril from under scales. At this time, there active thickening cuticle epidermic cells seed, sclerenchymatization zone I...

The dispersal ecology of Stemmadenia donnell-smithii was studied in the tropical dry forest zone of northwestern Costa Rica. Fruit was most abundant late in the dry season and was eaten by 22 species of birds, many of which are primarily insectivorous. Stomach-content analyses substantiated our observations. Total crop size per tree and rate of fruit opening were greatest in pasture-edge trees ...

in this study, the amount of total phenol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin, cyanidin and antioxidant activity of apple (malus domestica) skin and flesh of six iranian cultivars, including: ‘golab kohanz’, ‘sib torsh dirras’, ‘ghara yapragh’, ‘torkman’, ‘ghezel alma’ and ‘abbasi mashhad’, and four commercial cultivars including: ‘golden delicious’, ‘red delicious’, ‘braeburn’ a...

the ladybird beetle, hippodamia variegata (goeze) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is one of the most important natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, agonoscena pistaciae burckhardt and lauterer (hemiptera: psyllidae). the effects of hexaflumuron and spirodiclofen were investigated on development and carbohydrates and total lipid contents of 4th instar larvae of h. variegata. the insectici...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nano-silver (ns), calcium chloride (cacl2) and their combinations on gerbera jamesonii ‘carambole’ cut flowers. the experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design (crd) with 10 treatments and four replications, with three flowers in each replication. treatments consisted of 5 mg l-1 ns, 1% and 2% cacl2, 5 mg l-1 ns+ 1% cacl2, ...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was used to increase the shelf life of fresh in hull pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.), meeting the market demand for fresh high quality products. Fresh in hull pistachio nuts were stored at 5°C and three different gaseous conditions including 10% O2, 20% CO2 and 70% N2 (MAP1), 100% CO2 (MAP2) and ambient atmosphere for 42 days. The samples of 300 g of pistac...

Several aquatic species were examined as potential phytoremoval agents for selenium in aqueous solutions. Selenium was initially present in concentrations of 0-100 ppm Se (as sodium selenite) in 10% Hoagland’s medium, and aquatic plants were grown in the medium for one week. Four aquatic plants were studied: Cattail ( Typha domingensis ), duckweed ( Lemna obscura ), hydrilla ( Hydrilla verticil...