Therapeutic Potential of Cord Blood Stem Cell in Brain Damage of an Animal Model

Purpose: At the present time the role of stem cells and its therapeutic effects is well known. Human or animal (bone marrow or cord blood) stem cells in stem cell therapy are a promising attempt to improve the recovery after post embryonic injuries. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on young Wistar rats. At first, cord blood stem cells (CBSCs) were isolated, and labeled with Bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU). Animals were subjected to internal carotid artery occlusion (lCA) for 20 minutes. After that, 2xl0 5 isolated CBSCs were injected into the tail vein of the experimental rats. The control animal group did not receive any injection and intact rats were assumed to act as control group. Results: The results were evaluated by the following parameters behavioral analysis in animals and neurological study, in damaged brain areas specially in frontal cortex region in experimental and negative control. It was shown that control animals did not return to their initial behavioral while the experimental groups (CBSCs injection), within 2 weeks after ICA, had parameters like intact rats. In addition, histological study reveals that, the size of the damaged region in the control group was larger in the experimental (CBSCs-treated) group. The positive control did not show any damage in the caudate nucleus or other region.Conclusion: It is concluded that the CBSCs transplantation is a beneficial influence upon the brain tissue reparation after hypoxic ischemic cell death in cerebral cortex area and frontal cortex region specially.