Social Sustainability Measures for Rural Areas in Iran

One of the most important issues which has been of interest for scholars during the past decades is sustainable rural development and its concerning discussions. Social sustainability as the key aspect of sustainable development is of critical importance to sustainable rural development. Bringing social sustainability issues into focus in the present century has made an opportunity for achieving the goals of sustainable development. This aspect of sustainable development can be discussed in detail by introducing social sustainability measures. Hence, a variety of factors affects social sustainability owing to its importance. Given the complexity and diversity of social sustainability measures and their central role in rural areas, special attention needs to be devoted to it. The measures have their own importance in addressing social sustainability issues. They are also referred to as forward-looking strategies as policy-makers and decision-makers identify their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, they are highly effective in appropriate planning and resource allocation. In the present paper, the criteria affecting social sustainability were collected and categorized by reviewing previous studies and utilizing experts' ideas and with regard to the objectives of the 5th Plan of Development. On this basis, the social sustainability criteria in Iranian rural areas included eight criteria: security, population, social collaboration, health, leisure, employment, education, and safety, each of which had some sub-criteria for the assessment of social sustainability and unsustainability.