Role of microRNA as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction: MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, and protected RNA molecules that regulate gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein synthesis. The function of these molecules is critical to many cellular processes, including growth, development, differentiation, homeostasis, apoptosis, aging, stress resistance. In addition, some diseases including cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's are associated with microRNA defects. microRNAs are highly stable in biological fluids, abundant in the brain, and regulate the processes involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Early detection of Alzheimer's as the most common dementia is not easily possible at present. By finding reliable and highly sensitive biomarkers, especially in the early stages of the disease, interventions will be performed at a better time to achieve a better clinical outcome. Thus, microRNAs have great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.  At the same time, modulating them could be a potential treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review is to describe microRNAs, their biogenesis, and their role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and to investigate the importance of these molecules in the role of diagnostic biomarkers