Rapid Detection of Vibrio Cholera by a Coagglutination Complex using Staphylococcus aureus Including Protein A

Introduction: Vibrio cholera is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cholera which is an acute diarrheal illness. Cholera outbreak mostly happens in hot seasons when the bacteria reproduce rapidly in water contaminated with feces. Severe diarrhea and mortality have been the prevalent symptoms of cholera which affect the hygienic status and economic features of humans during centuries. There is a challenge currently to plan and propose a quick and reliable method to detect vibrio cholera which has been one of the fast growing and contagious disease in this decade.   Materials & Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with vibrio cholera Ogawa and Inaba whole cells. The obtained gamma globulin from the whole serum was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation method and then concentrated in this study. Subsequently, the purity of these antigens increased with the use of mixed mode-chromatography in the next step. The purified antibodies were connected to staphylococcus aureus cowan 1 NCTC-8325 whole cells. Rectal swab samples were inoculated into an enriched Alkaline Peptone Water medium (pH 8.6) incubated for 5 h at 37 °C. One drop from each sample was mixed with one drop of vibrio cholera co-agglutination complex. Subsequently, the results were read in 2-3 min.   Findings: The obtained results showed 97%, 99%, and 98% of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy from the proposed assay, respectively, compared to the standard culture methods. This proposed assay is considered as a rapid and reliable method to evaluate endemic or epidemic transmission of fatal illnesses.   Discussion & Conclusions: The proposed co-agglutination test is a simple, rapid, and reliable method to detect Vibrio cholera in fecal specimens. This method can be utilized to detect and control severe diarrhea which results from vibrio leading to the prevention of mortality, especially in areas with minimal laboratory facilities.