Prophylactic Effect of Chloroquine and Hydroxy chloroquine in COVID-19 Treatment

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety.Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an anti-malaria drug; its antiviral properties are controversial,and some in vitro studies approved its antiviral effects. Many efforts have been made to prevent and treat coronavirus COVID-19 disease, but effective drugs for complete eradication of COVID-19 have not been found yet, and all of them are supportive. We try to review some new aspects of HCQ efficacy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Also, some data from recent clinical trials were studied. It has been shown that HCQ may improve some symptoms of patients, but in severe or critical stages did not have significant therapeutic effects and not reduce the rate of mortality .In the present review article, we explained some results of recent researches, including clinical trials about the effects of HCQ in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19infection.Some studies revealed HCQ beneficial effects in outpatients, and some data showed its hazardous impacts on the heart. The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Well-designed randomized trials are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ for COVID- It was suggested that the dose of HCQ administration must be adjusted and monitored correctly; furthermore, the levels of some myocardial biomarkers such as troponin must be measured in mild to  moderate, severe, and critical infection. Also combination therapy with  other  drugs such as azithromycin may have better  anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects . Keywords: Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, OT-interval, Azithromycin, Replication.