Pnm-6: Eight Sonographic Key Points That Every Midwife or Nurse Needs to Know
نویسندگان
چکیده مقاله:
Background: Ultrasound is preferred as first imaging modality in the study of the female pelvis. In this article, we have tried to mention 8 points that each midwife or nurse needs to know for planning the time of sonography and analysis of findings. Results: During the menstrual cycle, all pelvic organs are influenced by cyclic changes. Thus, pathologic conditions of pelvis need to be well assessed depending on the day of the cycle. Therefore, best timing of the sonography is the key point for diagnosis and decision making about the patients. Here are 8 key points to facilitate this: 1. If you suspect a patient to have an ovarian cyst, best time is 2-5thdays of the menstrual cycle, when the follicles have not grown yet. 2. PCOS, suspected in women with irregular menses, is best diagnosed at days 2-5th. 3. Uterine polyps are best recognized during days 5-8th. 4. Fibromas are well assessed at days 11-14, to evaluate: type of which, location of placement and if they cause endometrial distortion or not. 5. Uterine malformations which are usually raised in recurrent miscarriages are best evaluated during days 11-14 at 2D sonography, and days 17-21 on 4D sonography. 6. Endometerial thickness changes cyclically during menstrual cycle and best time to assessing endometrial pathologies(hyperplasia …) depend on the situation. 7. Fallopian tubes are not visualized at TVS naturally, but they get recognizable in some pathologic conditions (hydrosalpinx...). Thus, TVS will be helpful if there is clinical suspicion. 8. Infertility workup: A- Base sonography for overall evaluation of the pelvis and determining any pathologic condition (days 5-8th). B- Monitoring sonography during treatment cycle to investigate ovarian and endometrial responses to drugs. Conclusion: While ultrasound has a pivotal role to confirm diagnosis and options of different treatment regimes, considering these key points improves work skills, accuracy and efficiency.
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عنوان ژورنال
دوره 7 شماره 3
صفحات 131- 131
تاریخ انتشار 2013-09-01
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