Pharmacogenomic approach in type 2 diabetes treatment

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is chronic health caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors that results in high blood glucose. The evidence-based guidelines for diabetes management are mainly based on lifestyle changes, control of risk factors, and the management of blood glucose levels. Although numerous antidiabetic agents have been developed over time, T2D treatment should be based on the patient's genomic characteristics. In the present study, we review genetic variations that may be responsible for a common therapeutic response in diabetes. Materials and Methods: The treatment of T2D is discussed in the perspective of a pharmacogenomic approach by searching for related studies on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WoS), and Scholar databases. Results: Among the antidiabetic drugs used in T2D treatment, the association of six drugs, including metformin, sulfonylurea, meglitinide, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and Thiazolidinedione's with commonly related genes in responding to the drugs was found among the studies. Conclusion: Pharmacogenomics studies investigate the role of genomic variations in drug efficacy and toxicity. The finding of genetic factors that modulate the glycemic response may provide a new way to T2D treatment and may ultimately advance the development of precision medicine therapy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can reduce the severity of diabetes and its related complications.