Investigation of the Yield and Quality Traits of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Grain quality in rice is one of the main determinants of marketability and product sales. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of different rice genotypes in different environments and to identify the genotypes with desirable quality. In this trial, qualitative characteristics of 16 rice genotypes, six introduced lines, 8 parental genotypes and 2 genotypes as control in Amol and Sari regions were investigated. In this study, grain yield and some quality traits of rice included: conversion efficient, total rice percentage, fraction of rice, seed length before cooking, grain size before cooking, grain length after cooking, grain elongation ratio after cooking, amylase content, gel consistency and the gelatinization temperature was evaluated. Simple ANOVA results showed a significant difference between genotypes for all traits in both environments. Combined analysis of variance was performed after ensuring the homogeneity of error variances. The results showed a significant effect of genotypes, indicating a genetic difference between different genotypes, genotype in environment interaction was significant as well. The results of the mean comparison showed that most of the studied genotypes had moderate amylose content, low gelatinization temperature and gel consistency range of 40-70. Most of the qualitative traits showed negative correlation with non-meaningful performance. In conclusion, the results of this experiment showed that line 2 (Sepidrood/IR58025A) has a higher quality than the other lines, because it has a moderate amylose (22%), moderate gelatinization temperature (score 3), and high gel consistency (71/5 mm) under two environments. However, yield of these three lines in contrast to the rest of the investigated lines based on two environments had a lowest mean (3925 kha-1). Therefore, when the yield was increasing, the quality has been decrease.