I-5: Fifteen Years after Dolly: The Perspectives on Cellular Reprogramming

s:1202:"It is a truly amazing time to developmental biology. During recent decades, three important breakthroughs have been developed: (i) isolation of stem cells from embryo, (ii) animal cloning by nuclear transfer (NT), and (iii) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Considering these three approaches of "Cellular Reprogramming", it seems that the required elements for cell therapy now exist. In one initial assumption and considering the exceptional practical advantages of iPS over the two other methods, the Yamanaka approach of direct cellular reprogramming is generally considered as the eventual method of choice for production of patient-specific therapeutic cells. However, comparative studies have established that the oocyte and egg are unique and can so efficiently reprogram somatic cell nuclei. Therefore, a better idea is that by focusing on the molecular mechanisms of oocyte/egg -mediated reprogramming, these molecules and pathways can be incorporated into the iPS route to improve the efficiency of direct cellular reprogramming. Therefore, perhaps, the future of stem cell therapy will conclude closer connections between these apparently distinct approaches.";