How Neurofeedback could affect Working Memory and Processing Speed among Girl Students with Learning Disabilities

Background: Learning disabilities (LDs) are diagnosed in children impaired in the academic skills of reading, writing, and/or mathematics. Children with LDs usually exhibit a slower resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG), corresponding to a neurodevelopmental lag. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on working memory and processing speed among girl students with learning disabilities. Methods: The design used in the current study was a quasi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. Using the convenience sampling method, 40 girl students with learning disabilities were selected from among all students referred to the psychological clinics in Tehran city in the 2020-2021 academic years. So, samples were assigned to two control and experimental groups (n=17). Samples were assessed for Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), N Back Task, and Stroop and reverse-Stroop Tests. Mixed repeated ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square were used for data analysis. The experimental group received 20 sessions of neurofeedback and standard psychological interventions-treatment, while the control group received only standard interventions. Results: The findings showed that neurofeedback treatment improved all the components of working memory (correct answer and correct response time) and processing speed in girl students with learning disabilities during a two-month follow-up (p<0.0001). Conclusion: It is recommended that the principles and concepts of neurofeedback treatment, confirmed in the current study, be considered an educational mission and executive task for school counselors for girls with learning disabilities.