Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency in Iranian newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on available data about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency (G6PDD) status in Iranian neonates screened for the disease. Methods: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases of Embase, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus and Google Scholar for articles published from inception to 1 December 2018. Moreover, the literatures from Iranian databases, including Magiran and Scientific Information Database were searched. We included observational studies reporting prevalence of G6PDD, related complications and genetic factors among Iranian neonates. Data were analyzed using STATA software. Results: Of 656 articles were initially found, 16 were finally included. Overall pooled prevalence of G6PDD was 5.5% (95% confidence interval: 2-8.9). Analysis also indicated that boys were significantly 3 times more at risk of G6PDD compared with girls. Three articles were identified related to the jaundice and 4 papers related to kernicterus. A range of 43-67% of newborns with G6PDD presents with jaundice. Additionally, 5-9% of G6PDD cases with jaundice present with kernicterus. One article reported that out of 412 newborns, 12.9% were carriers for one of the three G6PD gene mutations, including Mediterranean, Chatham and Cosenza. Conclusions: Prevalence of G6PDD in Iran is comparable to most countries. Jaundice and kernicterus are major complications of G6PDD. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to all patients with G6PDD. Also, it is recommended that hospitals provide the result of G6PD testing as soon as possible and before discharging newborn children.