Geochemistry, petrology, and mineralization in volcanic rocks located in south Neyshabour, NE Iran

This paper presents the new geochemical isotopes Sr and Nd, and the mineralization data for the south Neyshabour volcanic rocks located in NE Iran. Based on the chemical classifications, the studied rocks are basaltic trachy andesite, trachy andesite, trachyte, and trachy dacite in composition. All the analyzed volcanic rocks display enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to the heavy rare earth elements (HREE), have significant negative Ti and Nb anomalies, and have a positive U anomaly. The tectonic discrimination diagrams for the volcanic rocks in the studied area show a post-collisional arc environment. These characteristics are the specifications of the subduction-related volcanic rocks generated in a post-collisional setting. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.70408 to 0.70593and the εNdi values between +3.34 and +5 for the four samples analyzed indicate that the studied rocks are derived from a lithospheric mantle source. Finally, it is concluded that these volcanic rocks should have formed in a post-collisional environment that followed the Neo-Tethys subduction. There are strong evidence for copper mineralization in these volcanic rocks. The main copper oxide minerals are malachite and atacamite. The copper sulfide minerals such as chalcocite, minor bornite, and covellit are also present. Chalcocite is the most abundant sulfide ore mineral present in this area. This mineralization is observed as open space filling and thin veinlets, and it is partially controlled by linear structures and fault zones. Based on the identified characteristics, this ore deposit is hydrothermal. Carbonate alteration is frequently seen in the area but argillic alteration is very low, and this issue displays a hydrothermal solution with an alkaline pH.