Gallic Acid Ameliorates Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has received attention in environmental and toxicological research due to its widespread effects in biological systems. While several anti-oxidants have been used in ameliorating BPA-induced toxicities in experimental animals, there is the scarcity of research information on the use of Gallic acid (GA) in protecting against BPA-induced toxicity. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of Gallic acid in BPA-induced toxicities of the adult male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty two adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight animals each as follows: Group 1 (Control rats): 0.2 ml of corn oil; Group 2 (GA-treated rats): 20 mg/kg/day GA (dissolved in distilled water); Group 3 (BPA-treated rats): 10 mg/kg/day BPA suspended in 0.2 ml corn oil; Group 4 (BPA+GA-treated rats): BPA (10 mg/kg/day) with a concomitant GA (20 mg/kg/day). All treatments were orally administered for 14 days. Results: BPA significantly increased (P<0.05) in the values of liver function enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, GGT), total globulin, conjugated globulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and urea as well as sodium ions. Concomitant treatment with GA ameliorated these elevated values. Moreover, BPA-induced histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney while GA ameliorated them. Conclusion: BPA caused structural and cellular perturbations of the blood, liver, and kidney of rats while concomitant treatment with GA ameliorates the condition. Hence, GA has hepato-protective and nephroprotective actions against BPA-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.