Effect of Genistein and L-carnitine and Their Combination on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder caused by kidney damage that results in severe leakage of protein from blood into urine. Hyperlipidemia is one complication of nephrotic syndrome. L-carnitine and genistein can control cardiovascular diseases by causing changes in lipid metabolism and cytokine production. This study was designed to examine the effects of genistein and L-carnitine on serum lipid and cytokine profiles in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Methods: In this study, 50 male Sprague&ndash;Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each with similar mean body weights (300&plusmn;50 g). The five groups were NC (normal-control), PC (patient-control), LC (L-carnitine), G (genistein), and LCG (L-carnitine-genistein). Serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL) LDL-cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride, cholesterol, IL-6, and TNF-&alpha; were measured. Statistics were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.&nbsp; Results: At the end of the study, of the patient groups, HDL was significantly greater in the LC than in the PC or G groups (P<0.001). LDL was significantly less in the G than in the PC, LC, or LCG groups (P<0.001). Interleukin-6 was significantly greater in the PC than in the LC, G, or LCG groups, and significantly greater in the LC than in the G group. (P<0.001), but no significant differences were found for triglyceride, cholesterol, or TNF-&alpha; between the patient groups. Conclusions: Genistein had less effect on HDL and triglyceride levels than LC or LCG. Regarding inflammatory cytokines, genistein and L-carnitine had less effect on TNF-&alpha; than on IL-6.