Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Nano niosomal Delivery system Containing paclitaxel drug for Drug Delivery to Osteosarcoma Cell Line (Saos-2)

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is one of the cancers that current treatment strategies using chemotherapy drugs have not been very successful due to multiple drug resistance and harmful side effects. The use of nano-niosomal systems in the delivery of paclitaxel is one of the attractive approaches to overcome these limitations. paclitaxel is a powerful anticancer agent used in the treatment of many tumors. In this study, different niosomal formulations were designed and synthesized by loading paclitaxel to increase drug efficiency on cancer cells and overcome the problems of the present treatment. Methods: To enhance the therapeutic response, we developed different PEGylated niosomal formulations containing the anticancer drug paclitaxel and synthesized them by the thin-film method. For this purpose, niosomal formulations based on different kinds of Nonionic surfactants and Cholesterol were prepared. The final formula selected was surface modified using DSPE-mPEG2000. finally, the physical characteristics of niosomal formulations and their effects on drug loading and drug releaseing were evaluated and interpreted. Cytotoxicity on bone cancer cell line was assessed by using MTT assay. Results: The final formulation of paclitaxel PEGylated niosome had 74.98% entrapment efficiency, size 115.4 nm, and a surface charge of -12.79 mV, as the optimal formulation selected. niosomal systems containing paclitaxel were able to show higher toxicity on Saos-2 cell line compared with free drugs. In addition, this nanosystem alone and without drug had no significant toxicity effect in normal fibroblast cell line (HFF). Conclusion: Our results show that the delivery of paclitaxel using the delivery system of PEGylated nano-niosomes is an excellent and promising strategy in the treatment of bone cancer.