Clinical Approaches of Retinal Diseases in Pregnancy

Pregnancy leads to significant changes in the body, which potentially affect the retina. Pregnancy can induce disease such as that seen in hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy. It can cause exudative retinal detachments in the HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and provoke arterial and venous retinal occlusive disease. Pregnancy may also exacerbate pre‑existing retinal disease, such as idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) and diabetic retinopathy. Special consideration needs to be exercised when treating pregnant patients in choosing medications, as well as in selecting diagnostic modalities and surgical methods.