Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Heracleum sprengelianum (Wight and Arnott) Essential Oils Growing Wild in Peninsular India

The essential oils, isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves, seeds and rhizomes of Heracleum sprengelianum (Wight and Arnott), collected from the Western Ghats of Peninsula India, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant property of these oils was tested, with and without peroxidation inducer, through the egg yolk-based Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay (TBARS assay) and in the concentrations of 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/L. β-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, β-Phellandrene and ρ-Cymen-8-ol were the main components of H. sprengelianum leaves, seeds and rhizomes essential oils. The oils demonstrated the antioxidant capacity in the absence of radical inducer 2, 20-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), mainly that of H. sprengelianum at 250 and 500 mg/L, comparable in some cases to that of α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The presence of ABAP diminished the antioxidant ability of all tested essential oils, leaf oils of H. sprengelianum still showing the highest antioxidant capacity at 500 mg/L. At 250 and 500 mg/L for BHA, and 500 mg/L for α-tocopherol, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased in the presence of ABAP.