Cell Suspension Culture, Somatic Embryo Genetic and Synthetic Seed Production in Different Cultivars of Potato

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: In order to overcome the contamination problems, as well as the usual method of increasing potato through micro tuber, micropropagation has been considered through tissue culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the callus induction and embryogenesis in potato cultivars using leaf explants. Material and Methods: For this purpose, micropropagation was performed using leaves from six different potato varieties in different mediums. Seedling of different cultivars in different concentrations of growth regulators, 2,4-D and TDZ showed that the highest amount of callus in 5 mgl-1 of TDZ growth regulator in the culture medium was observed in Batba, Fontane and  Sante. In 12 treatment combinations, the combination of 10 mgl-1 2,4-D and 10 mgl-1 TDZ was performed in leaf explants after three weeks of callus. Then, calluses were tested in a culture medium for embryogenic induction with four different treatments in suspension and solid culture. Results: In the experiment of embryogenesis study of leaf explants of different cultivars, results showed that explants was placed in a suspension culture of 0.1 mgl-1 Zeatin and 0.1 mgl-1 GA3 and 2.5 mgl-1 BAP and 5 mg/L GA3, and a solid culture medium containing 5 mgl-1 Zeatin and 2.5 mgl-1 BAP and 0.1 mgl-1 Zeatin and 0.1 mgl-1 GA3 had a much better embryogenesis. Among the 12 ‌ treatments applied, the highest callus formation rate was observed in ‌treatment ‌containing 10 mgl-12,4-D and 10 mgl-1 tidiazurone. ‌Results showed in suspension culture medium, 0.1 mgl-1 zeatin and 0.1 mgl-1 gibberellic acid treatment and 2.5 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 5 mgl-1 gibberellic acid had the highest embryogenesis, but in solid medium, treatment was 5 mgl-1 zeatin and 2.5 mgl-1 6- benzylaminopurine and treatment 0.1 mgl-1 zeatin and 0.1 mgl-1 gibberellic acid have better embryogenesis. Embryos produced in suspension culture medium were coated with calcium alginate and some of them were transferred to solid culture medium for regeneration. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that it is possible to produce somatic embryos in large quantities in potatoes and these embryos can be used in the production of artificial potato seeds.