Analyzing Abu-Rayhan Birouni's historiographic approaches; by emphasize on his social approach

Al-Birouni's abilities in natural sciences have also affected his historian character. Among his several works, Al-Athar Al-Bakiyah and Tahkik Ma Li-l-Hind are the two most important books written by new method of historiography. Since Birouni has been one of few scholars of experimental sciences who has seriously practiced historiography, analysis of various aspects of his historiography is necessary. So, the main aim of the present research is to survey Birouni's attitudes to historiography and to show characteristics of his method. In brief, analyzing and investigating Birouni's books, his social, critical-explanatory, and theological approaches to historiography have been studied. Birouni, away from politicizing, has represented the social and cultural aspects of history. In addition, he has introduced critique approach to historiography by his prominence attention to rationality and experience.