A numerical approach for variable-order fractional unified chaotic systems with time-delay

This paper proposes a new computational scheme for approximating variable-order fractional integral operators by means of finite element scheme. This strategy is extended to approximate the solution of a class of variable-order fractional nonlinear systems with time-delay. Numerical simulations are analyzed in the perspective of the mean absolute error and experimental convergence order. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, dynamical behaviors of the variable-order fractional unified chaotic systems with time-delay are investigated in the time domain.