The effect of waterpipe smoking and chronic immobilization stress on serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities in female rats

Background: Various studies indicate that there is association between life style and various enzyme  activities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of waterpipe smoking and immobilization on serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities in female rats. Methods: In this experimental study  female Wistar rats were divided into control, waterpipe smoking, immobilized, and immobilized waterpipe smoking groups of 7 in each. Exposure to waterpipe smoke was performed 10 times/day for 10min with 5 min resting time interval and animals were chronically immobilized twice a day for 2 hr each time. After 7 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture technique and enzyme activity was measured using spectrophotometry. The data were compared statistically between groups using ANOVA. Results: Serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in immobilized waterpipe smoking than immobilized or waterpipe smoking rats (P=0.009, 0.012 and 0.046, 0.047, respectively). Moreover, the enzyme activity was higher in waterpipe smoking than immobilized rats (P= 0.031 and 0.048, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that prevalence of waterpipe smoking and immobilization in our society is a serious threat to health. The necessity to control these factors and publicizing the related information, seems inevitable for  public health.