Study of Lifestyle, Sleep Quality, and Related Factors in Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction: Today, hemodialysis is the most common treatment method for patients with chronic kidney diseases. Patients under hemodialysis, because of their complex treatment regimen, experience fundamental changes in their lifestyle and sleep quality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate lifestyle, sleep quality, and related factors in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study with cross-sectional design conducted on 126 hemodialysis patients referred to one of the hospitals in Rasht City, Iran, in 2016. The study samples were selected randomly. A three-part questionnaire was used to collect data which included a demographic form, the Persian versions of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP2), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). After collecting data, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistics (The Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and regression analysis). Results: About 50.8% of the patients had a favorable lifestyle, and 55.4% had good sleep quality. There was a significant relationship between lifestyle and sleep quality (P=0.02). Also, lifestyle and sleep quality of the patients had a significant relationship with their age and education level, while their sleep quality was significantly correlated to smoking and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Moreover, based on regression analysis results, lifestyle has a significant relationship with educational level (β=8.32; 95%CI:7.60-26.32; P<0.0001), and sleep quality has a significant association with alcohol consumption (β=2.28; 95%CI:1.66-13.78; P<0.01). Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients have good lifestyle except in the areas of stress management and physical activity, and those with higher education have poorer sleep quality. Considering that the limitations resulted from chronic kidney disease can cause problems in lifestyle and sleep quality in these patients, measures should be taken to increase stress management and physical activity and reduce tension in patients with higher education levels to modify their lifestyle and maintain balanced sleep quality in them.